Tests that allow more comparisons compensate by adjusting the nominal alpha to a more stringent level. ... Using pairwise comparisons allow for a more detailed investigation into the nature of the relationship between more than two groups on one or more dependent variables.

Why do we use pairwise comparisons?

Pairwise comparisons are methods for analyzing multiple population means in pairs to determine whether they are significantly different from one another. ... As an example, many different statistical methods have been developed for determining if there exists a difference between population means.

Why do researchers usually run multiple pairwise comparisons after running an ANOVA?

Multiple pairwise comparisons performed at the level of the interaction could help us identifying precisely what panelist belongs to the first group and what panelist belongs to the second.