The first effective open-tube endoscope was developed in 1853 by Desormeaux. This instrument was used to examine the urethra and the bladder. In the late 1800's, other physicians including Kussmaul and Nitze refined the original endoscopic models and began utilizing their new tools in their medical practice.

When were endoscopes first used?

Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902) who made the first attempts at gastroscopy in 1868. Kussmaul's technique for the introduction of his gastroscope.

How long has endoscopy been around?

Kussmaul is generally credited with the first gastroscopy in 1868. Although unrecognised at the time, the illumination problem was solved around 1878 by Thomas Edison, but 25 years elapsed before the incandescent lamp was incorporated into endoscopes.