I'm preparing for a quiz, and I have a strong suspicion I may be tasked with implementing such a function. Basically, given an IP address in network notation, how can we get that from a 32 bit integer into a string in it's dotted decimal notation (something like 155.247.182.83)...? Obviously we can't be using any type of inet functions either...I'm stumped!
10 Answers
You actually can use an inet function. Observe.
main.c:
#include <arpa/inet.h>
main() {
uint32_t ip = 2110443574;
struct in_addr ip_addr;
ip_addr.s_addr = ip;
printf("The IP address is %s\n", inet_ntoa(ip_addr));
}
The results of gcc main.c -ansi; ./a.out is
The IP address is 54.208.202.125
Note that a commenter said this does not work on Windows.
Here's a simple method to do it: The (ip >> 8), (ip >> 16) and (ip >> 24) moves the 2nd, 3rd and 4th bytes into the lower order byte, while the & 0xFF isolates the least significant byte at each step.
void print_ip(unsigned int ip)
{
unsigned char bytes[4];
bytes[0] = ip & 0xFF;
bytes[1] = (ip >> 8) & 0xFF;
bytes[2] = (ip >> 16) & 0xFF;
bytes[3] = (ip >> 24) & 0xFF;
printf("%d.%d.%d.%d\n", bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]);
}
There is an implied bytes[0] = (ip >> 0) & 0xFF; at the first step.
Use snprintf() to print it to a string.
Another approach:
union IP {
unsigned int ip;
struct {
unsigned char d;
unsigned char c;
unsigned char b;
unsigned char a;
} ip2;
};
...
char ips[20];
IP ip;
ip.ip = 0xAABBCCDD;
sprintf(ips, "%x.%x.%x.%x", ip.ip2.a, ip.ip2.b, ip.ip2.c, ip.ip2.d);
printf("%s\n", ips);
Hint: break up the 32-bit integer to 4 8-bit integers, and print them out.
Something along the lines of this (not compiled, YMMV):
int i = 0xDEADBEEF; // some 32-bit integer
printf("%i.%i.%i.%i",
(i >> 24) & 0xFF,
(i >> 16) & 0xFF,
(i >> 8) & 0xFF,
i & 0xFF);
This is what I would do if passed a string buffer to fill and I knew the buffer was big enough (ie at least 16 characters long):
sprintf(buffer, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
(ip >> 24) & 0xFF,
(ip >> 16) & 0xFF,
(ip >> 8) & 0xFF,
(ip ) & 0xFF);
This would be slightly faster than creating a byte array first, and I think it is more readable. I would normally use snprintf, but IP addresses can't be more than 16 characters long including the terminating null.
Alternatively if I was asked for a function returning a char*:
char* IPAddressToString(int ip)
{
char[] result = new char[16];
sprintf(result, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
(ip >> 24) & 0xFF,
(ip >> 16) & 0xFF,
(ip >> 8) & 0xFF,
(ip ) & 0xFF);
return result;
}
#include "stdio.h"
void print_ip(int ip) {
unsigned char bytes[4];
int i;
for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
bytes[i] = (ip >> i*8) & 0xFF;
}
printf("%d.%d.%d.%d\n", bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]);
}
int main() {
int ip = 0xDEADBEEF;
print_ip(ip);
}
From string to int and back
const char * s_ip = "192.168.0.5";
unsigned int ip;
unsigned char * c_ip = (unsigned char *)&ip;
sscanf(s_ip, "%hhu.%hhu.%hhu.%hhu", &c_ip[3], &c_ip[2], &c_ip[1], &c_ip[0]);
printf("%u.%u.%u.%u", ((ip & 0xff000000) >> 24), ((ip & 0x00ff0000) >> 16), ((ip & 0x0000ff00) >> 8), (ip & 0x000000ff));
%hhu instructs sscanf to read into unsigned char pointer; (Reading small int with scanf)
inet_ntoa from glibc
char *
inet_ntoa (struct in_addr in)
{
unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *) ∈
__snprintf (buffer, sizeof (buffer), "%d.%d.%d.%d",
bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]);
return buffer;
}
My alternative solution with subtraction :)
void convert( unsigned int addr )
{
unsigned int num[OCTET],
next_addr[OCTET];
int bits = 8;
unsigned int shift_bits;
int i;
next_addr[0] = addr;
shift_bits -= bits;
num[0] = next_addr[0] >> shift_bits;
for ( i = 0; i < OCTET-1; i ++ )
{
next_addr[i + 1] = next_addr[i] - ( num[i] << shift_bits ); // next subaddr
shift_bits -= bits; // next shift
num[i + 1] = next_addr[i + 1] >> shift_bits; // octet
}
printf( "%d.%d.%d.%d\n", num[0], num[1], num[2], num[3] );
}
void ul2chardec(char*pcIP, unsigned long ulIPN){
int i; int k=0; char c0, c1;
for (i = 0; i<4; i++){
c0 = ((((ulIPN & (0xff << ((3 - i) * 8))) >> ((3 - i) * 8))) / 100) + 0x30;
if (c0 != '0'){ *(pcIP + k) = c0; k++; }
c1 = (((((ulIPN & (0xff << ((3 - i) * 8))) >> ((3 - i) * 8))) % 100) / 10) + 0x30;
if (!(c1 =='0' && c0=='0')){ *(pcIP + k) = c1; k++; }
*(pcIP +k) = (((((ulIPN & (0xff << ((3 - i) * 8)))) >> ((3 - i) * 8))) % 10) + 0x30;
k++;
if (i<3){ *(pcIP + k) = '.'; k++;}
}
*(pcIP + k) = 0; // pcIP should be x10 bytes
}
I am trying to set the ip address Now I am able to print the default ip address Using usprintf api in a string format which i programed (oxc00A....)
I want to set the new ip address Through the command "setsysip" it should replace the default ip and new should be updated in a integer format