Home » Organic Decor Spot » A Synthesis of Deimatic Behaviour - ePrints A Synthesis of Deimatic Behaviour - ePrints David Miller • Sep 26, 2026 • 2 min read A synthesis of deimatic behaviour Lookup NU author(s): Grace Holmes, Dr Changku Kang, Professor Candy Rowe, Dr John Skelhorn Downloads Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available. Abstract © 2022 Cambridge Philosophical Society. Deimatic behaviours, also referred to as startle behaviours, are used against predators and rivals. Although many are spectacular, their proximate and ultimate causes remain unclear. In this review we aim to synthesise what is known about deimatic behaviour and identify knowledge gaps. We propose a working hypothesis for deimatic behaviour, and discuss the available evidence for the evolution, ontogeny, causation, and survival value of deimatic behaviour using Tinbergen's Four Questions as a framework. Our overarching aim is to direct future research by suggesting ways to address the most pressing questions in this field. Publication metadata Author(s): Drinkwater E, Allen WL, Endler JA, Hanlon RT, Holmes G, Homziak NT, Kang C, Leavell BC, Lehtonen J, Loeffler-Henry K, Ratcliffe JM, Rowe C, Ruxton GD, Sherratt TN, Skelhorn J, Skojec C, Smart HR, White TE, Yack JE, Young CM, Umbers KDL Publication type: Review Publication status: Published Journal: Biological Reviews Year: 2022 Volume: 97 Issue: 6 Pages: 2237-2267 Print publication date: 06/11/2022 Online publication date: 08/08/2022 Acceptance date: 19/07/2022 ISSN (print): 1464-7931 ISSN (electronic): 1469-185X Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc URL: DOI: 10.1111/brv.12891 Share Share Article: Facebook Twitter WhatsApp Telegram Author David Miller David Miller brings 15 years of experience in global economics, personal finance strategy, and market dynamics. He specializes in turning complex economic trends into actionable insights for everyday readers.