The phenomenon called resistance inevitably emerges during the process of psychoanalytic treatment. Resistance can not only obstruct the progress of therapy; it also carries the risk of causing a variety of disadvantages to the patient. It can therefore be seen as an adverse effect.

What is wrong with psychoanalysis?

Freud's psychoanalytical theory, and other versions of psychoanalysis, are problematic for so many reasons. For a start, Freud's theories are based on the “unconscious mind”, which is difficult to define and test. There is no scientific evidence for the “unconscious mind”.

What are the negative effects of psychotherapy?

Regarding psychotherapy, there are a number of potential adverse effects which are discussed, ranging from worsened or novel symptoms, such as symptom substitution [4–8], to dependence from the therapist [9], stigmatisation [10], relationship problems or even separation [11, 12], as well as misuse of alcohol or drugs, ...