Let us say 'were' is a representative of the past tense, and 'have been' a representative of the present perfect tense.

Has been or was been?

Summary: “Has been” is used for the present perfect continuous tense. This form is used to refer to something which had started in the past and is still continuing in the present tense. “Was” is used to denote the past continuous form.

Had been or was were?

Had/has/have been is usually used for something that was done in the past and still applies (multiple events). Was/were usually applies to something done in the past that no longer applies (single event).