Functionalization is also possible by direct binding of molecule of interest to the reactive ligands on NP surface, facilitated by covalent conjugation. This approach involves linkage reaction aided by catalyst and is mostly preferred with unspecific physisorption in terms of stability of functionalization.

How do you Functionalize nanomaterials?

The surface of nanomaterials can be functionalized using either a covalent modification strategy via a standard organic synthesis procedure or by a noncovalent modification complexation or adsorption process or grafting strategy.

How do you confirm nanoparticles?

Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray spectroscopy are also used with nanoparticles. Light scattering methods using laser light, X-rays, or neutron scattering are used to determine particle size, with each method suitable for different size ranges and particle compositions.