Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent. Extraction is usually from a solid matrix, but can also be from liquids.

What is the most commonly used supercritical fluid extraction?

The most commonly used supercritical fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide because it has moderate critical temperature (31.3°C) and pressure (72.9 atm.). Furthermore, because carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature, it can easily be separated/removed to yield a solvent-free extract.

What is the main disadvantage of supercritical fluid extraction?

The primary disadvantage of SFE is that the extraction must be operated at the high pressure (1,000 - 5,000 psia) required to maintain the solvent in supercritical state. The result is higher capital and operating costs.