Flocculating agents are either inorganic salts or water-soluble organic polymers. They act by shrinking the ionic double layer, or neutralizing the surface charge of suspended particles, or bridging between particles. The type of flocculant used depends on the type of solid–liquid separation being performed.

What is the process of flocculation?

4 Flocculation. Flocculation is a process by which a chemical coagulant added to the water acts to facilitate bonding between particles, creating larger aggregates which are easier to separate. The method is widely used in water treatment plants and can also be applied to sample processing for monitoring applications.

What is the purpose of adding flocculating agents during the water treatment process?

Macroflocs are formed and high molecular weight polymers, called coagulant aids, may be added to help bridge, bind, and strengthen the floc, add weight, and increase settling rate. Once floc has reached it optimum size and strength, water is ready for sedimentation.