Biogeography, the study of the geographical distribution of organisms, provides information about how and when species may have evolved. Fossils provide evidence of long-term evolutionary changes, documenting the past existence of species that are now extinct.

What are examples of biogeography supporting evolution?

Island Biogeography

The biogeography of islands yields some of the best evidence for evolution. Consider the birds called finches that Darwin studied on the Galápagos Islands (see Figure below). All of the finches probably descended from one bird that arrived on the islands from South America.

What is biogeography in evolution example?

A large-scale example of biogeography includes the splitting of Pangea (all the Earth's continents were one large land mass). ... Another famous example of biogeography in practice was in the study of Galapagos finches by the famous biologist and father of the theory of evolution and natural selection, Charles Darwin.