Before 1100, Genoa emerged as an independent city-state, one of a number of Italian city-states during this period, nominally, the Holy Roman Emperor was overlord and the Bishop of Genoa was president of the city; however, actual power was wielded by a number of "consuls" annually elected by popular assembly.

When did Genoa become a city state?

Historically, Genoa emerged as an independent city-state around 1100 CE. Like other Italian city-states at the time, Genoa played an important role in the events of the crusades.

Was Genoa part of the Holy Roman Empire?

Background. Genoa was settled around 2000 BC by seafaring Greeks, who found that it possessed an excellent natural harbor on the Mediterranean Sea. Later occupied by Roman forces, Ostrogoths, and the Lombards, Genoa went on to become part of Charlemagne's (742–814) empire and then a possession of the Holy Roman Empire.