Chloramines, also known as combined chlorine, are formed when free chlorine reacts with ammonia like compounds called amines. Chloramines are poor disinfectants and greatly reduce the disinfection power of free chlorine, irritate mucous membranes, cause eye stinging and red eyes and irritate respiratory systems.

Why are chloramines toxic?

When chloramines and ammonia particles are absorbed by the skin, it can cause irritation that may produce rash, itching, dry skin and other skin diseases. Chloramines damage digestive mucosa and can cause digestive disorders. According to Journal of Gastroenterology, monochloramine is responsible for gastric cancer.

Are chloramines harmful to humans?

Chloramine levels up to 4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) or 4 parts per million (ppm) are considered safe in drinking water. At these levels, harmful health effects are unlikely to occur.