In a prediction analysis, the goal is to develop a formula for making predictions about the dependent variable, based on values of the independent variables. In causation analysis, the independent variables are regarded as causes of the dependent variable.

What is the difference between prediction and causal inference?

Causal inference is focused on knowing what happens to Y when you change X. Prediction is focused on knowing the next Y given X (and whatever else you've got). Usually, in causal inference, you want an unbiased estimate of the effect of X on Y.

How is causal analysis different from regression analysis?

In causality analysis, the interaction between variables can be determined. While x determines y, y can determine x. In regression analysis, there is a one-sided interaction. There are dependent variable and independent variable/s.