When present in certain concentrations in aqueous solutions, proteinoids form small microspheres. This is because some of the amino acids incorporated into proteinoid chains are more hydrophobic than others, and so proteinoids cluster together like droplets of oil in water.

What are the Proteinoid microspheres?

Proteinoid microspheres (PM) are unusual polymers formed by the thermal condensation of amino acids. Although they have been studied for over 60 years, they are only now beginning to garner interest as controlled release agents.

How are Proteinoid microspheres formed?

Proteinoid microspheres are spherical structures to be formed when a heated mixture of amino acid molecules in the dry conditions is dissolved in water. The diameter of a typical microsphere is about a few micrometers.