Electron withdrawing group (EWG): An atom or group that draws electron density from neighboring atoms towards itself, usually by resonance or inductive effects

. localized on the nitrogen atom. resonance, as demonstrated by this resonance hybrid.

Which is electron withdrawing or electron donating group?

Electron donating groups are generally ortho/para directors for electrophilic aromatic substitutions, while electron withdrawing groups are generally meta directors with the exception of the halogens which are also ortho/para directors as they have lone pairs of electrons that are shared with the aromatic ring.

Are electronegative groups electron withdrawing?

4. Substituents with pi bonds to electronegative atoms (e.g. -C=O, -NO₂) adjacent to the pi system are electron withdrawing groups (EWG) - they deactivate the aromatic ring by decreasing the electron density on the ring through a resonance withdrawing effect.