The first instance of anti-clerical violence due to political conflict in 19th-century Spain occurred during the Trienio Liberal (Spanish Civil War of 1820–1823).

What caused anticlericalism?

In some cases, anticlericalism arose in response to outright ecclesiastical abuses such as simony, plurality of benefices, absenteeism, concubinage, nepotism, and scandalous or extravagant behavior.

What are anticlerical laws?

Anticlerical legislation was enacted: the number of religious orders was restricted, the Jesuits were banned, civil marriage was sanctioned, and uncooperative priests were removed from their parishes. Resistance was punished, and some bishops were deposed.