10. R. R is both a software environment and scripting language that you can use for statistical computing, data analysis, and graphical display. It's a free and open source GNU project and an implementation of the S statistical computing language (not in active development anymore).

Is R considered a programming language?

R is an open source programming language that's optimized for statistical analysis and data visualization. Developed in 1992, R has a rich ecosystem with complex data models and elegant tools for data reporting.

What counts as a scripting language?

A scripting language or script language is a programming language for a runtime system that automates the execution of tasks that would otherwise be performed individually by a human operator. Scripting languages are usually interpreted at runtime rather than compiled.