The word counterpoint is frequently used interchangeably with polyphony. This is not properly correct, since polyphony refers generally to music consisting of two or more distinct melodic lines while counterpoint refers to the compositional technique involved in the handling of these melodic lines.

What are the two most common types of counterpoint?

The first species is note-against-note counterpoint. The second species is two notes against one in the cantus firmus. The third species is four notes against one in the cantus firmus.

What is the Latin term for counterpoint?

The term originates from the Latin punctus contra punctum meaning "point against point", i.e. "note against note". In Western pedagogy, counterpoint is taught through a system of species (see below).