In 13th century the Kremlin was the official residence of supreme power - the center of temporal and spiritual life of the state. The Kremlin of the late 15th – early 16th century is one of the major fortifications of Europe (the stone walls and towers of present day were erected in 1485–1516).

What does the Kremlin represent?

As throughout its history, the Kremlin remains the heart of the city. It is the symbol of both Russian and (for a time) Soviet power and authority, and it has served as the official residence of the president of the Russian Federation since 1991.

Why was the Kremlin and Red Square built?

Red Square: A Center of Russian Life

Czar Ivan IV (known as Ivan the Terrible) ordered the construction of a cathedral on Red Square's southeast end in 1554 to honor his capture of the Mongol stronghold of Kazan.