How can I access data on Android without root?

Without rooting you have 2 options:

1. If the application is debuggable you can use the run-as command in adb shell adb shell run-as com.your.packagename cp /data/data/
2. Alternatively you can use Android’s backup function. adb backup -noapk com.your.packagename.

Where is the data folder in Android?

All apps (root or not) have a default data directory, which is /data/data/ . By default, the apps databases, settings, and all other data go here. This directory is “private” to the app – which means no other app and not even the user can access data in it (without root permissions).