The remaining of the Gnu/Linux distributions userland is written in any language developers decide to use (still a lot of C and shell but also C++, python, perl, javascript, java, C#, golang, whatever )

What is the programming language for Linux?

JavaScript is more of a web-based language, as is PHP. Ruby is the closest to Python in terms of being useful for writing back-end applications. In terms of all-around versatility in back-end programming languages, C is King in Linux.

Does Linux use Python?

python is an alternate scripting language. Bash scripting or other shell scripting languages were used prior to python. Python comes preinstalled on almost all of the linux distros as its very very versatile and chances are if your using linux, your using it for some form of development rather than just casual use.