As mentioned, Windows kernel is basically monolithic, but drivers are still developed separately. macOS uses a sort of hybrid kernel which uses a microkernel at its core but still has almost everything in a single “task”, despite having nearly all drivers developed/supplied by Apple.”

What is a monolithic kernel in OS?

A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space. … A set of primitives or system calls implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management. Device drivers can be added to the kernel as modules.

Is Windows based on Linux kernel?

That’s because Microsoft has replaced its WSL1 translation layer, which converted Linux kernel calls into Windows calls, with WSL2. With WSL2 Microsoft’s own Linux kernel is running on a thin version of the Hyper-V hypervisor.