What happens if I delete Chrome from my Android phone?

Nothing happens. Your phone has a built in browser known as Android Web View whether you can see that or not. If you also uninstall the browser app that you can see in your menu, you can still access the internet from the android applications which redirect you to the internet.

What happens if I uninstall Google Chrome?

If you delete profile information when you uninstall Chrome, the data won’t be on your computer anymore. If you are signed in to Chrome and syncing your data, some information might still be on Google’s servers. To delete, clear your browsing data.