In short, USB Debugging is a way for an Android device to communicate with the Android SDK (Software Developer Kit) over a USB connection. It allows an Android device to receive commands, files, and the like from the PC, and allows the PC to pull crucial information like log files from the Android device.

How do I debug my Android?

On the device, go to Settings > About <device>. Tap the Build number seven times to make Settings > Developer options available. Then enable the USB Debugging option. Tip: You might also want to enable the Stay awake option, to prevent your Android device from sleeping while plugged into the USB port.

Is USB debugging safe?

USB debugging is often used by developers or IT support people to connect and transfer data from an Android device to a computer. While this feature is useful, a device isn’t as secure when connected to a computer. So that’s why some organizations require you to turn this setting off.