You can run both Linux and Windows programs and executables in Docker containers. The Docker platform runs natively on Linux (on x86-64, ARM and many other CPU architectures) and on Windows (x86-64).

Can I run Ubuntu in Docker?

Much faster than any Virtual Machine, Docker allows you to run a Ubuntu image and gain interactive access to its shell, so you can have _all_ your dependencies in an isolated Linux environment and develop from your favourite IDE, anywhere.

Can I run a different OS in Docker?

No, it does not. Docker uses containerisation as a core technology, which relies on the concept of sharing a kernel between containers. If one Docker image relies on a Windows kernel and another relies on a Linux kernel, you cannot run those two images on the same OS.