Buffers work by neutralizing any added acid (H+ ions) or base (OH- ions) to maintain the moderate pH, making them a weaker acid or base. ... Thus the breaking of the buffer is its capacity, or in other words, it is the amount of acid or base, a buffer can absorb before breaking its capacity.

Why are buffer solutions useful?

Buffer solutions are incredibly useful as they have the ability to maintain a stable pH balance and resist change, even when a strong base or acid is introduced.

What makes a buffer effective?

A buffer is most effective when the amounts of acid and conjugate base are approximately equal. As a general rule of thumb, the relative amounts of acid and base should not differ by more than tenfold.