Manichaeism spread with extraordinary speed through both the East and West. It reached Rome through the apostle Psattiq by 280, who was also in Egypt in 244 and 251. It was flourishing in the Faiyum in 290. Manichaean monasteries existed in Rome in 312 during the time of Pope Miltiades.

How did Manichaeism spread on the Silk Road?

The inclusion of elements from other dominant religions made Manichaeism more appealing to foreign communities and cultures by creating a sense of familiarity with local beliefs and by promoting a doctrine of universal truth; in addition, Silk Road trade routes allowed merchants and missionaries to spread Manichaean ...

Why is Manichaeism a heresy?

Manichaeism, dualistic religious movement founded in Persia in the 3rd century ce by Mani, who was known as the “Apostle of Light” and supreme “Illuminator.” Although Manichaeism was long considered a Christian heresy, it was a religion in its own right that, because of the coherence of its doctrines and the rigidness ...