Mongolia - because of its high altitude and of its situation far from any sea - has an extreme continental climate: very cold winters, with temperatures which can reach-30°C, and short, but warm summers, particularly in the Gobi Desert.

Why Mongolia is so cold?

Mongolia is a landlocked country located in middle latitudes. Here, prevailing winds basically blow overland and without bodies of water like seas and oceans to moderate temperatures, it can easily get cold most of the time.

Is Ulaanbaatar the coldest capital in the world?

Ulaanbaatar has an average annual temperature of −0.4 °C or 31.3 °F, making it the coldest capital in the world (almost as cold as Nuuk, Greenland, but Greenland is not independent). Nuuk has a tundra climate with consistent cold temperatures throughout the year.