Mycobacteria are widespread organisms, typically living in water (including tap water treated with chlorine) and food sources. Some, however, including the tuberculosis and the leprosy organisms, appear to be obligate parasites and are not found as free-living members of the genus.

Where does Mycobacterium grow?

Mycobacteria can grow in fluid environments, they can form aggregates, form biofilms and they are invasive i.e. they can grow and multiply within cells such as macrophages. Inside the macrophage they reside within a membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuole referred to as the Mycobacterium phagosome.

What is the natural habitat of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Most mycobacteria are environmental organisms that are found in water and soil. Habitats such as peat bogs are particularly rich sources of mycobacteria. Although most are not important human pathogens, many can infect other hosts as diverse as frogs and birds.