Void Traces are primarily obtained by collecting Reactant in Void Fissure missions, which drops from Corrupted enemies, awarding 6-30 Void Traces upon collection of the 10th Reactant. Players are not required to have a Void Relic equipped to obtain Traces.
How do I get void traces fast?
The most efficient way to farm Void Traces in Warframe is to simply go in public Void Fissure missions. Faster missions such as Capture and Rescue work best, but if you have plenty of Relics to crack open, you can go for a long Survival mission.
Where do you get void fissures?
In addition to the mission's assigned objectives (e.g. Exterminate, Capture, Spy, etc.), Void Fissures will appear along the mission objective path, spawning in 3 Corrupted units from the Void as well as converting nearby native enemies into Corrupted units.