Violets spread by underground rhizomes and may form vegetative colonies. They also spread by seed. Flowers near the soil surface that never really open, called cleistogamous or non-opening, self-pollinating, shoot seeds out to establish a new colony away from the parent.

How are violet seeds dispersed?

Violet seeds can be ejected with some velocity as the membranes holding seeds in place shrink and expel their contents, sometimes 3 to 4 feet distant; but this seed-shattering/seed-scattering is more effective above the foliage and stems. Seed dispersal is also abetted by ants.

How do wild violets spread?

Wild Violets grow best in shady, moist and fertile soil. They spread via underground root systems and seeds. Wild Violets form large colonies, connecting via their underground roots: rhizomes. They often occur in newer developments that were previously wooded or in established yards with forests nearby.