The article states that "Stereotypes, which assume that groups are homogeneous, are one form of ecological fallacy." But stereotypes need not be predicated on aggregate data, where across group differences can obscure estimates owing to group aggregation, which is an essential feature for the ecological fallacy.

What is an example of a fallacies?

Begging the question, also called circular reasoning, is a type of fallacy that occurs when the conclusion of an argument is assumed in the phrasing of the question itself. If aliens didn't steal my newspaper, who did? I have a right to free speech so I can say what I want and you shouldn't try to stop me.

How do you identify a fallacy?

Distinguish between rhetoric and logic.

Bad proofs, wrong number of choices, or a disconnect between the proof and conclusion. To spot logical fallacies, look for bad proof, the wrong number of choices, or a disconnect between the proof and the conclusion.