Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or communication between neurons across a synapse. Local pathology of neurotoxin exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis but can also include glial cell damage.

What does neurotoxins do to the brain?

Neurotoxicity occurs when the exposure to natural or manmade toxic substances (neurotoxicants) alters the normal activity of the nervous system. This can eventually disrupt or even kill neurons, key cells that transmit and process signals in the brain and other parts of the nervous system.

How do neurotoxins cause paralysis?

Following binding, CNT are internalized into the neuron. BoNTs remain at the NMJ and block the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), causing a flaccid paralysis (Figure 20.1b).