It is later mentioned that Thomas passed away, presumably due to his illness, but his wife and son clearly attribute his death to Arthur's assault and hold him personally responsible.
Is there a way Arthur doesn't die?
No matter what you do, Arthur Morgan dies. There's currently no secret ending where he somewhat survives, fading into the mists of time under a new name. As noted in the endings above, he either dies from his tuberculosis, a bullet to the head, or a knife in the back. The life and death of an outlaw.
Can Arthur avoid getting TB RDR2?
Who Gave Arthur TB In Red Dead Redemption 2? The specific scene in which Arthur gets TB in RDR2 happens during the Money Lending and Other Sins III mission. ... It's impossible to prevent Downes from coughing on Arthur; even if the player doesn't attack him, Thomas will still cough.