Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and are synthesized through sequential iodination of the tyrosine phenol rings. First, iodine is added to the phenol ring meta positions, resulting in monoiodotyrosine if a single site is iodinated or diiodotyrosine if two sites are iodinated.
Where does synthesis of thyroid hormone?
Thyroid hormone biosynthesis occurs at the apical surface of polarized thyroid follicular cells and requires an intact synthesis pathway comprising transporter molecules, enzymes and thyroglobulin as well as adequate dietary iodide (Fig. 2).
What are the steps in thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion?
This chapter discusses these broad steps as: (a) iodine availability and absorption; (b) uptake of iodide by the thyroid; (c) oxidation of iodide, which involves the thyroperoxidase (TPO), H2O2, and H2O2 generation; (d) Tg, whose iodination leads to hormone formation; (e) storage of thyroid hormones in a Tg-bound form; ...
