He has a breadth of knowledge on a number of subjects such as music, art, and literature, chemistry, botany, and anatomy. He is skilled in boxing, singlestick, and "baritsu

baritsu

Bartitsu is an eclectic martial art and self-defence method originally developed in England in 1898–1902, combining elements of boxing, jujitsu, cane fighting, and French kickboxing (savate). In 1903, it was immortalised (as "baritsu") by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes mystery stories.

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", an invented martial art, swordsmanship and plays the violin as well.

What skill does Sherlock Holmes have?

Referring to himself as a "consulting detective" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, forensic science and logical reasoning that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including Scotland Yard.

How is Sherlock Holmes so good at fighting?

These skills include: Ability to use pistols, shown in a few stories e.g. Hound of the Baskervilles and The Sign of Four. Ability to use cane/walking stick as weapon. "Apparent" ability to use a sword (according to Watson in A Study of Scarlet he is an expert).