We introduce the concept of pattern graphs--directed acyclic graphs representing how response patterns are associated. A pattern graph represents an identifying restriction that is nonparametrically identified/saturated and is often a missing not at random restriction.

How do you describe data patterns?

Patterns in data are commonly described in terms of: center, spread, shape, and unusual features. Some common distributions have special descriptive labels, such as symmetric, bell-shaped, skewed, etc.

How do you represent a pattern?

Mathematical tables and graphs are a good way to represent patterns. They organize data and can reveal relationships, making it easier to write equations that describe the patterns.