In general, transmission of viruses can occur through two pathways: horizontal and vertical transmission. In horizontal transmission, viruses are transmitted among individuals of the same generation, while vertical transmission occurs from mothers to their offspring.

What is horizontal transmission of infection?

Quick Reference. The spread of an infectious agent from one person or group to another, usually through contact with contaminated material, such as sputum or faeces.

What is horizontal direct contact transmission?

Other kinds of direct contact transmission are called horizontal direct contact transmission. Often, contact between mucous membranes is required for entry of the pathogen into the new host, although skin-to-skin contact can lead to mucous membrane contact if the new host subsequently touches a mucous membrane.