Safety of VIP and durability of benefit were both shown with no significant adverse effects reported by any patients. … In many instances of CIRS, even when patients are removed from the offending environment and treated with a stepwise protocol, their condition does not improve to the pre-morbid state.

What is VIP release?

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide synthesized and released by immune cells, as well as by nerve endings that synapse on central and peripheral lymphoid organs.

What is VIP in biology?

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that functions as a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter. It is a potent vasodilator, regulates smooth muscle activity, epithelial cell secretion, and blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract [1-3]. … (See “Peptide hormone signal transduction and regulation”.)