Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of blood product transfusion. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, management, and prevention strategies for TRALI are presented here.

What causes a TRALI?

The etiology of TRALI may be attributable to the presence of anti-HLA and/ or anti-granulocyte antibodies in the plasma of multiparous females or donors who have received previous transfusions. TRALI recipients have no specific demographics such as age, gender, or previous transfusion history.

What is the treatment for TRALI?

Treatment / Management Immediate management of TRALI is to stop the transfusion and notify the blood bank to screen the donor unit for antileukocyte antibodies, anti-HLA or anti-neutrophil-specific antibodies. [5] Supportive measures must be taken to improve oxygenation.