Fermentation is the enzymatic decomposition and utililization of foodstuffs, particularly carbohydrates, by microbes. Further, there are major differences in the contribution of fermentation to energy production of different species. ...

Why is microbial fermentation important?

Microbial fermentation processes have been used for the production of foods and pharmaceuticals, and for the identification of microbes. ... Lactic acid production by the normal microbiota prevents growth of pathogens in certain body regions and is important for the health of the gastrointestinal tract.

How does microbial fermentation occur?

Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions), and in the presence of beneficial microorganisms (yeasts, molds, and bacteria) that obtain their energy through fermentation.