One of the most common causes is gastritis or simple stomach irritation — usually caused by your dog eating something they shouldn't — but other serious issues could be to blame. If your dog vomits once, keep a close eye on them to see if anything else happens. If it doesn't, your pup is most likely fine.
What does it mean when your dog throws up undigested food?
Physical activity after eating or drinking too much water
If a dog eats or drinks too much water they're active this could lead to vomiting. If this is the case you'll likely see undigested food in the vomit - what went down comes right back up!
When should you be concerned about your dog throwing up?
If inspection of your dog's vomit suggests potential toxicity, seek immediate veterinary care. You'll also want to seek medical attention if your dog vomits multiple times in one day, vomits for more than 24 consecutive hours, or shows any of these symptoms along with vomiting: Decreased or lost appetite. Diarrhea.