The overload relay is wired in series with the motor, so the current that flows to the motor when the motor is operating also flows through the overload relay. It will trip at a certain level when there is excess current flowing through it. This causes the circuit between the motor and the power source to open.

What causes a motor overload?

Electrical overload or over-current is caused by an excessive current flow within the motor windings, exceeding the design current which the motor is able to carry efficiently and safely. This can be caused by a low supply voltage, resulting in the motor drawing in more current in an attempt to maintain its torque.

How does the overload relay protect the motor?

Overload relays protect a motor by sensing the current going to the motor. ... When current is too high for too long, heaters open the relay contacts carrying current to the coil of the contactor. When the contacts open, the contactor coil de-energizes, which results in an interruption of the main power to the motor.