In harsh conditions, Zygnema generally will produce spore-like akinetes for asexual reproduction or reproduce sexually via conjugation tubes. If reproduction is sexual, a
What are the characteristics of Zygnema?
Diagnostic features
Unbranched filamentous zygnematalean with cylindrical cells, each containing 2 green star-shaped axial chloroplasts. Nucleus often visible between the chloroplasts. Filament is coated with a thin mucilage layer; consequently, strands of Zygnema are soapy to the touch.
Where are Zygnema found?
Zygnema circumcarinatum, a filamentous charophycean alga with elongated cells and multiple star-shaped chloroplasts per cell, is found in stagnant waters as 'large bright green colored, tangled, floating masses' (Guiry and Guiry, 2013).