The more modern thermometer was invented in 1709 by
How did Galileo invent the thermometer?
In 1593, Galileo Galilei invented a rudimentary water thermoscope, which for the first time allowed temperature variations to be measured. ... It was perhaps the first crude clinical thermometer, as it was designed to be placed in a patient's mouth for temperature taking.
Who really invented the thermometer?
1612: Santorio Santorio – the first thermometer
The Italian, Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) is generally credited with having applied a scale to an air thermoscope at least as early as 1612 and thus is thought to be the inventor of the thermometer as a temperature measuring device.