The exact cause of hepatorenal syndrome is unknown. It occurs in individuals with advanced liver disease, especially individuals who have scarring and dysfunction of the liver (cirrhosis).

How does hepatorenal syndrome occur?

What Is Hepatorenal Syndrome? Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a type of progressive kidney failure seen in people with severe liver damage, most often caused by cirrhosis. As the kidneys stop functioning, toxins begin to build up in the body. Eventually, this leads to liver failure.

What causes Hepatopulmonary syndrome?

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is caused by blood vessels in the lungs expanding (dilating) and increasing in number, making it hard for red blood cells to properly absorb oxygen. This leaves the lungs unable to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the body, which leads to low oxygen levels (hypoxemia).