The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is our central stress response system. ... ACTH binds to receptors on the adrenal cortex and stimulates adrenal release of cortisol. In response to stressors, cortisol will be released for several hours after encountering the stressor.

How does the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis regulate secretion from the adrenal gland?

During stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated. Hypothalamic neurons within the HPA axis secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone that causes the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary. The ACTH causes the adrenal gland to secrete cortisol (a stress hormone).

How does the hypothalamic pituitary axis regulate the endocrine system?

It consolidates signals derived from upper cortical inputs, autonomic function, environmental cues such as light and temperature, and peripheral endocrine feedback. In turn, the hypothalamus delivers precise signals to the pituitary gland, which then releases hormones that influence most endocrine systems in the body.