Effects that occur by chance, generally occurring without a threshold level of dose, whose probability is proportional to the dose and whose severity is independent of the dose. In the context of radiation protection, the main stochastic effects are cancer and genetic effects.

Which of the following are examples of stochastic effects?

Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of stochastic effects. As dose increases, the probability of cancer increases linearly.

What is deterministic and stochastic effects of radiation?

Deterministic effects describe a cause and effect relationship between ionizing radiation and certain side-effects. They are also known as non-stochastic effects to contrast them with chance-like stochastic effects (e.g. cancer induction).