An incorrect inference is known as a fallacy. Philosophers who study informal logic have compiled large lists of them, and cognitive psychologists have documented many biases in human reasoning that favor incorrect reasoning.

What is incorrect inference?

Incorrect inferences may arise when the context in which an unfamiliar word occurs provides insufficient support for inferring the meaning (is low-constraining, vague or ambiguous).

Which is an example of a false inference?

A said [that no one else was able to bend the bow; ... hence B (the disguised Odysseus) imagined that A would] recognize the bow which, in fact, he had not seen; and to bring about a recognition by this means- the expectation that A would recognize the bow- is false inference.