No, Apple NEVER initiates telephone contact with a customer. It's a scam. If you've changed your Apple ID password then you should be safe as long as you provided no other personal info or gave them access to your Mac. Apple will never call you.

Does Apple ever contact you by phone?

Apple won't call you to tell you about problems with your account. Sometimes you may receive an email if someone attempts to use your account, so hover over the sender's email address to confirm their identity.

Does Apple Care call you?

The so-called AppleCare Tech Support phone scam

If you receive a call that appears as AppleCare on your caller ID, hang up & block the call. Here's how it works: You get a call, either on a landline or cell phone, from 800-275-2273, which is a valid Apple Tech Support number. ... They do not call account holders this way.